e are pleased to invite you to attend the 12th annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping in Florence, Italy. Given its long tradition in neuroscience, Italy is well qualified to host such an important gathering of scientists who come from every corner of the globe. Indeed, it was the conclusion of Italian physiologist Angelo Mosso that brain circulation changes selectively with neuronal activity is the basis of the powerful methodologies that we now employ to explore neural correlates of mental function. Florence is a city whose artistic magnificence and history cannot be described adequately in words.